1) B.overcome deafness by imagining the music
Beethoven had a great passion for composing music at a young age, however at his late 20s his hearing began to deteriorate, his hearing loss started to depress him and isolated him, but the music made him carry on, it served him as an inspiration to be more creative, to explore other music domains more intensely and overcome his deafness. In fact, one of his most famous masterpieces were made in the last decade of his life, when he was completely deaf.
2) A. a small musical idea
A motive is a small musical idea, a very small melodic gesture (a few notes) that binds phrase, a melody, a section or an entire piece of music together, and that is characteristic of composition and creates unity in it.
3) B.dynamic changes to the same melody
Beethoven often turned a simple idea and melody into different large-scale piece. For instance, the first movement of Symphony No. 5 comes from the opening da-da-da-daaa melody, however, it never sounds repetitive and something similar occurs with Piano Sonata No. 29, the <em>Hammerklavier</em>.
