When Fidel Castro came to power in 1959, relations between the two countries quickly devolved into bitter arguments, political grandstanding and the occasional international crisis. And while Cuba lies less than 100 miles (160 km) off the coast of Florida, the two nations have had no diplomatic relations since 1961 and use Switzerland as a mediator whenever they need to talk. But maybe — finally — things might change. On April 13 President Barack Obama announced that he would lift some longstanding restrictions, allowing Cuban Americans to visit and send remittances to their families and easing — but not removing — the 47-year-old economic embargo on the island nation. (Read "Will Obama Open Up All U.S. Travel to Cuba?")
But the U.S. and Cuba's ties go back well before Castro. In 1898, at the end of the Spanish-American war, a defeated Spain signed the rights to its territories — including Cuba, Puerto Rico and Guam — over to the U.S., which subsequently granted Cuba its independence with the stipulation that the U.S. could intervene in the country's affairs if necessary (later relinquished) and that it be granted a perpetual lease on its naval base at Guantánamo Bay (not). For the next half-century the two countries more or less cooperated, with the U.S. helping to squash rebellions and heavily investing in the economy of its tiny neighbor. The American mafia used Havana as a conference center in 1946. Ernest Hemingway lived there for 22 years; he wrote The Old Man and the Sea at his villa just outside the capital.
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The communication and ongoing relationship between America and other world nations is known as <em>Foreign Policy.</em> <em>The president of the United States as head of the Executive Branch is responsible for the U.S. Foreign Policy. </em> In order to help him with these responsibilities the US President has the Secretary of State. This person acts as the equivalent of a Minister of Foreign affairs. Also the U.S. Ambassadors are responsible for the diplomatic relations with each country the U.S.has relations with. They are also part of the Foreign Policy area of the Executive Branch of Goverment ultimately led by the President of the United States.
