The correct answer is D) attribution.
In perception process, attribution refers to how we attach meaning to other's behavior or even our own. The attribution theory created by Fritz Heider in 1958 establishes that humans are naive psychologist always trying to make sense of the world and that includes people's behavior.
Primacy-recency refers to first impressions while self-fulfilling prophecy explains how the receivers perception and expectations of other person ultimately leads to that person acting the way the receiver is expecting.
Implicit personality theory is when we form impressions of another being with limited information, usually of an unfamiliar person. Hence this will not be the case since it is point out that Ted is actually John's friend.
On the other hand, stereotyping occurs when we associate attitudes or actions with a certain category. E.g. when we say that X person acted out in a certain way due to their sexual orientation, race, gender and so on.
