This patient both has left-sided heart failure and right-sided heart failure. In left-sided heart failure, this patient exhibits increasing shortness of breath on exertion as well as three pillow orthopnea which indicates pulmonary congestion. This is because of pooling of blood in the pulmonary circulation. Bipedal edema, in this patient is a grade 2 bipedal edema, reflect right-sided heart failure as there is pooling of blood in the systemic circulation, causing transudation in the most dependent areas of the body.
Explanation:
In a covalent bond, there is sharing of the donated electron by two atomic species having very small electronegative differences between them.
Oxidation is the loss of electrons by a specie and it usually lead to an increase in oxidation number.
Reduction is the gain of electrons by a specie. It leads to a lower oxidation number.
Since there is no actual loss of gain of electrons in a covalent body, the electronegativiy is at work.
Electronegativity is the ability of a specie to draw the shared electrons more to itself in a covalent bond.
- Between two atoms bonded covalently, the more electronegative specie draws the electrons closer.
- This leaves a partial negative charge on it.
- The other electron then becomes partially positively charged.
- We can then say, the more electronegative specie undergoes reduction.
- The less electronegative one undergoes oxidation.
learn more:
Covalent bond brainly.com/question/3064597
Oxidation and reduction brainly.com/question/2278247
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