Answer: They dug irrigation canals along the Nile River to water fields.
Explanation:
The term is actually "Porfiriato" - it refers to the time of the oppressive rule of Porfirio Diaz, which lasted for three and a half decades - a really long time.
I believe it is D. Tsar Nicholas II gives up the throne.
He abdicated in 1917. Before Lenin and the Bolsheviks seize power. A year later, in 1918, the civil war breaks out where the Reds prevent the Bolsheviks' reign.