Ulysses S. Grant was president from 1869-1877
Die in committee or subcommittee, where they are pigeonholed, or simply forgotten and never discussed. If a bill survives, hearings are set up in which various experts, government officials, or lobbyists present their points of view to committee members.
States because the American people wanted to prevent the central government from becoming tyrannical. But the central government was too weak and could not rely on the states for support.