Question

Question 1

Answer 1

I am pretty sure that the answer for the first question is A. Both empires shared similar laws and traditions because The West and East  used the same laws and Eastern Roman Empire continued using them.
The second one is definitely b. It serves as a day of rest and worship.  as it is main points of hajj for Muslims.
The third is b. a monk who defended the use of icons.
And what about the last one - b. Muslim non-Arabs were granted more privileges than Muslim Arabs. This quite a triky question, but the think you should remember is that Muslim non-Arabs were treated better.