Polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharides like glucose joined together with glycosidic linkages. While plants can simply make glucose via photosynthesis, animals rely on glucose sourced from their diet. In animals, glucose is stored as glycogen; however, plant storage polysaccharides like starch are regularly broken down through digestion using enzymes.
Enzymes are proteins which catalyze chemical reactions like the breakdown of large polysaccharides. Alpha amylase, an enzyme produced in the pancreas, is also found in human saliva; it catalyzes the hydrolysis, or breakdown of starch into glucose. Amylase acts on polysaccharides bonds at random points along the chain by splitting the α 1-4 glycosidic bonds. This produces maltose, dextrin and glucose; this glucose is used in ATP synthesis via <em>respiration, ethyl alcohol fermentation and lactic fermentation</em>.
When there is no sufficient glucose available for cellular respiration, the cell in animals starts decomposing molecules also known as polysaccharide that could satisfy their glucose requirement. Some of the common polysaccharide in animals are - Amylose and amylopectin (plant starch found in animals), glycogen, cellulose, lipids and proteins etc. These poly saccharides are complex compounds containing glucose matrix which are broken down with the assistance of an enzyme to release glucose.
It secretes high levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), this occurs in many poor countries where people are deficient in iodine and it causes there neck region (thyroid) to swell up.
Pollutants are substances that do harm to an environment and the beings
that live in it. Fresh water and oxygen are beneficial and necessary for
life. Hydrogen is a naturally occuring element and isn't harmful. The
EPA is a government department that works to prevent pollution.
The spinal cord is responsible for carrying information
Explanation:
The spinal cord carries messages to and from the body to the brain, but it is the brain's task to make sense of all the information. Reflexes are action rather than structure, and inter neurons were only discussed in terms of their role in spinal cord reflexes.
The last cold episode of the last glacial period ended about 10,000 years ago. Earth is currently in an interglacial period of the Quaternary, called the Holocene
