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<em>New food and fiber crops were introduced to Eurasia and Africa, improving diets and fomenting trade there. In addition, the Columbian Exchange vastly expanded the scope of production of some popular drugs, bringing the pleasures — and consequences — of coffee, sugar, and tobacco use to many millions of people.</em>
Answer: I found this article online so you probably have to tweak a few things to not get plagiarized by your teacher but here you go. I just put the useful info here but you could definitely cut some things out also. Websites url is : https://www.studentsofhistory.com/the-growth-pread-of-islam
The period following Muhammad’s death is known as the Rashidun Caliphate that lasted from 610-750. During this empire a Muslim administration and government was established and ruled the Middle East. The Caliphate was governed by The Righteous Caliphs, or spiritual leaders. By 644, these four leaders helped Islam spread and grow far and beyond the Middle East through conquests of major cities like Baghdad, Jerusalem, and Alexandria. North and Western parts of Africa were also conquered effectively taking control over much of the Byzantine and Persian territory. The third Caliph Uthman created a version of the Quran that became standardized and widely used throughout the Islamic world in newly established schools that taught the Arabic language and Islamic studies. This was also a period in which hundreds of mosques were built throughout the empire.
After the death of the last caliph in 661, the Umayyad Caliphate took control of the empire and ruled until 750. Historians regard this caliphate as the most powerful and expansive of the caliphs. The Umayyad Caliphate grew the Islamic Empire to its peak and expanded its control from the Middle East to parts of Asia, India, Northern Africa and parts of Europe.
D. The Central Government had no power to tax
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1. Bolsheviks
A radical political party that believed a revolution was the only way to bring about change in Russia.
The Bolsheviks were a radicalized political group within the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party, led from the beginning by Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, also known as Vladimir Lenin, and later by Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili, also known as Stalin.
2. Menshevikso
A political party that believed reform would be gradual, with the bourgeoisie ruling until the proletariat were ready to take control.
The Mensheviks were a faction of Socialists that opposes the Reds.
3. Reds
The group led by Lenin during the Russian Revolution that promised "peace, land, and bread" for peasants who supported their cause.
The members of revolutionary communism who participated in the confrontations of the Russian Revolution of 1917 were called Reds.
4. Whites
The group during the Russian Revolution made up of Czar Nicholas’s forces, Mensheviks, and people who resisted communism.
The White Movement was made up of Russian counterrevolutionary nationalist forces, in many cases Pro-czarists, who after the October Revolution fought against the Red Army during the Russian Civil War from 1918 to 1921. They were supported by Western governments in the face of the threat of a world communist revolution.
