<span>To draw cause and effect conclusions, one needs to conduct a formal experiment, sometimes called a control experiment. The independent variable in this type of experiment is the only thing that is allowed to changed so the experimenter is able to conclude that the it is the independent variable which affected the dependent variable. In other words the independent variable effects the dependent variable, and it is the only thing that can effect the dependent variable.
This is not true in correlational experiments. Remember the oft repeated phrase that correlation does not mean causation. In other words, a lot of people carry umbrellas on a rainy day (there is a correlation between rainy days and people carrying umbrellas) but the umbrella carrying people did not cause the rain.</span>
The 8th amendment. this amendment prohibits excessively high bail and fines as well as cruel and unusal punishment. think of this as the amendment that ensures the punishment fits the crime.
Explanation: When project managers reduce the intensity of the conflict by smoothing over differences or interjecting humor when dysfunctional conflict arises, they are attempting to control the conflict.
