Explanation:
Athens and Sparta, two of the most prominent Greek city-states, had a few similarities. Other than being apart of Greece and the language they spoke, they both worshipped the same gods, which are the twelve Olympian gods and goddesses, which included Zeus, Poseidon, and Aphrodite. Additionally, slaves played a major role in both city-states. These Greek city-states were clear rivals, but they did team up to defeat the Persians during the Greco-Persian War. Following their victory, both city states alliances with other city-states to create Athen’s Delians League and Sparta’s Peloponnesian League; these leagues were obvious rivals which led to the peloponnesian War between these city-states and the final outcome was Sparta defeating the Athenians and taking them over. Athens and Greece, even though they have some similarities, are exceedingly different, especially when looking at their government, economy, and cultural value. When looking at their governments, the Athenian government is purely a democracy, where the spartan government is a mix of a monarchy and an oligarchy. It is says in this excerpt from “The Spartan Constitution,” written by Aristotle, “... they praise the Lacedaemonian because it is made up of oligarchy, monarchy, and democracy, the king forming the monarchy, and the council of elders the oligarchy while the democratic element is represented by the Ephors; for the Ephors are selected from the people.” Aristotle is directly telling us here that the
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According to the chart, the Scientific Revolution led to Enlightenment in the sense that its discoveries and methods were used by people to question society.
<h3>What was the Scientific Revolution?</h3>
The Scientific Revolution was a moment in history when several scientific discoveries were made and the scientific method was developed. This allowed for a drastic upgrade not only in science but also in the way people viewed the world.
It is for that reason that we can say Scientific Revolution led to Enlightenment. The new discoveries and the application of the scientific method to other areas of life, such as government and society, allowed people to perceive the importance of our minds, reasoning, and logic. People no longer attributed everything to a higher being, but they finally began to understand how the natural world and the human mind worked.
Since Enlightenment is based on the notion that reason, logic, and the human mind are central, we can conclude that the answer provided above is correct.
Learn more about the Scientific Revolution here:
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Answer:
The Peloponnesian War was a war fought in ancient Greece between Athens and Sparta—the two most powerful city-states in ancient Greece at the time (431 to 405 B.C.E.)
A good example of the impact of cultural diffusion between Muslim and European religions is the improvements in physician training and the creation of hospitals. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 A.D,, most of the ancient Greek texts containing their development in medical knowledge and know-how were lost as a consequence of the constant conflict between the Germanic tribal warriors and the last remaining Roman troops and civilians. For centuries, the medical practice was as dangerous to the patients as were the wounds and diseases. Meanwhile, Arab scholars had not only been salvaging and translating the medical books of the ancient Greeks and Romans, but they were adding to this pre-existent knowledge and vastly improving the medical practice. Around the tenth century, a constant contraband of Arab texts, including on advanced medical knowledge and know-how, gradually helped Western doctors improve their treatments and procedures which resulted in more and more patients surviving wounds and diseases.
In the late Middle Ages, descriptions of the printing press used in China made it into Europe because of the Arabs. This Chinese printing press was rather expensive and complicated because every page of a book had to be individually carved on a wooden plate. However, a German printer, Johannes Gutenberg, came up with the idea of the "movable types": instead of carving one wooden plate per page, he would use a special plate with metal railings in such a way that he took letter by letter, mounting them between the railings, and thus complete a page that he would be able to print as many times as needed. Once the page was no longer needed, he would dismount the letter types and rearrange them to make the next page. Gutenberg's printing press of movable types turned book-making cheaper and knowledge easier to come by.
