The Dark Ages was referencing the period between the fall of the Roman Empire and the Renaissance which is the 5th – 14th centuries. It was implied that this period saw little scientific and cultural advancement...
Explanation:
The Dark Ages were not good for anyone unless you were on the bottom 90% of the society...then the falling of the Western Empire meant an improvement. Slaver vanishes, the burdens of taxes on you were decreased, society became less confusing, regional production improved and people were in most cases, taller and healthier than during the Late Imperial period. The fact that all Continental Barbarian nations adopted Latin language and Roman law and attempted to salvage what salvageable was, meant civilization did not collapse altogether. If you were on the top 10% of the society, the Dark Ages were a catastrophe; the Empire was gone, as was the international trade, literacy had collapsed with the papyrus trade and hyperinflation had meant monetary trade had collapsed and replaced with barter trade.
Gold was discovered in Georgia in 1829. People were already taking the Cherokee homelands, and that set a period known as the "Indian removals". I hope this helps. :)
The overall goal of labor unions during the late 1800s and early 1900s was to protect workers from heavy abuses by their employers--abuses such as working incredibly long hours and working in very dangerous factory conditions.
