There are several ways selection can affect population variation:
stabilizing selection
directional selection
diversifying selection
frequency-dependent selection
sexual selection
As natural selection influences the allele frequencies in a population, individuals can either become more or less genetically similar and the phenotypes displayed can become more similar or more disparate. In the end, natural selection cannot produce perfect organisms from scratch, it can only generate populations that are better adapted to survive and successfully reproduce in their environments through the aforementioned selections.
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With the sequence of the gene-coding regions of the human genome in hand and the development of newer sequencing methods, scientists are able to
1. develop new forensic tests that can help in the identification of the convict.
2. diagnose genetic diseases before their onset.
3. develop customised medicines based on the genetic profile of the patient.
4. therapeutically target the cancer causing genes (oncogenes) in the patients.
5. understand the inheritance of genes especially the rare mutations in a population.
