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The tip of the pyramid ends in a cuplike structure called the papilla.
Papilla projects into a calyx. Its surface has a sievelike appearance since it is where urine droplets pass through its small openings. Each opening represents a tubule known as the Bellini duct through which collecting tubules within the pyramid converge or meet. The muscle fibers lead from the calyx to the papilla. As the muscle fibers originating from calyx contract, urine flows through the Bellini ducts into the calyx. The urine flows through the renal pelvis and the ureter and it eventually drains down into the bladder.
Answer:
the observations that chloroplasts and mitochondria resemble bacteria
Explanation:
The Endosymbiotic Theory is a theory that enables us to understand the origin of eukaryotic cells. The Endosymbiotic Theory posits that the mitochondria and chloroplast, which are organelles found in the eukaryotic cells, were once prokaryotic microbes that were first ingested by amoeba-like organisms and subsequently evolved by developing a symbiotic relationship with them. Some of the most important lines of evidence that supports this theory are: 1-chloroplasts and mitochondria resemble prokaryotic cells, i.e., they have a similar size, replicate by binary fission and there are unicellular eukaryotic protists that have filamentous temperature-sensitive proteins at their division plane (similarly to bacteria), and 2- chloroplasts and mitochondria are organelles with their own DNA and their own ribosomes (which are similar to those of bacteria).
Answer: diversity of niches
, large area and warm climate
Explanation:
An ecosystem is a biotic community in which the living beings interact with their non-living physical environment. The following factors which are responsible for higher biodiversity in an ecosystem:
Diversity of niches: A niche can be define as the functional role an organism performs in an ecosystem so as to sustain it's life. For example the type of habitat, food and breeding season chosen by the organism. With the increase in the differences in the diversity of niches the organism exhibit variations and differences from the members of the same species or from the members of the other species.
Large area: The large area can support the reproduction and abundance of members which belongs to different species hence will help in promoting higher biodiversity in a region.
Warm climate: The warm climatic range will offer the chances of adaptations to the living organisms to sustain their lives in harsh environmental conditions. This will lead to evolution of new species from the parent species.
Answer: Ras activity would be significantly slower in its response to extracellular signals.
Explanation:
• GTPase acts as a catalyst in converting RasGTP (active state) to RasGDP (inactive state)
• A mutant lacking the GTPase activating protein cannot activate GTPase so thee will nit be any functional GTPase
• if GTPase is not present then RasGTP may be expdessed for longer periods of time and there will be a lag until it eventually switches "off)
