The Von Thunen model has an epicenter which is the center of a settlement. The model shown has a center area and grows outward just like the Von Thunen model. All the important goods are closer together while the forest and non important goods are farther outward. The new map makes the assumptions of goods are carried out by railroads and the climate and soil quality are the same throughout the map but may vary depending on specific areas very much like the Von Thunen Model.
Hope this helps. I'm on this question too so I could be wrong but at least I tried.
1. The zone of aeration and zone of saturation are two separate zones in the soil. The zone of aeration is the top zone of the soil. In this zone the rocks and soil have pores that are only partially filled with water. The saturation zone lies below the aeration zone. This zone is composed of rocks and soil that have pores that are saturated with water.
2. The water manages to move much more easily through rocks and sediment that have larger pores. The reason for this is that the larger the pores, the more free space there is, so the water manages to flow through them without any particular problem. The rocks and sediment that have smaller pores are not allowing for the free flow of the water. The smaller the pores are the smaller the space for the water to pass through, so the water usually starts to accumulate and cause saturation.
3. The caves and the caverns have two basic differences, though it has to be mentioned that the caverns are actually a type of cave. The caves are natural openings that occur on the sides of the hills, mountains, and gorges, while the caverns only form in soluble rocks and have speleothems in them. A typical cave has only one opening, while the caverns have multiple openings, ranging anywhere from two to several tens of them.
4. The two major factors that determine how easily the water can move through rock or sediment are the size of the pores and are the pores connected or not. If the pores are larger and they are connected the water will be able to move easily through the rock and sediment. On the other hand, if the pores are connected or they are very small, the water will find it hard to move through them and saturate them.
5. The karst topography is a very interesting one. It has lot of caves, cavers, karst fields, springs etc. This topography forms because of the reaction between the bedrock and the water and carbon dioxide. The water and the carbon dioxide manage to dissolve because of the increased levels of acidity, so the rocks start to change their composition, and over longer periods of time, lot of different features start to form, creating the interesting karst topography.
Geologists use a tiltmeter to measure the titling of the ground along a fault line. A tiltmeter is a very sensitive instrument known as a inclinometer which is designed to measure very minor changes in the angle of ground or buildings/structures.
Igneous rock is formed when magma cools down. The igneous rock is then pushed into the Earth which is the process of tectonic activity. Some, but not all of the igneous rocks will be pushed into the mantle of the Earth. The ones that are pushed to the mantle will be shown to great temperatures, which will cause them to melt and reform as magma. For the rocks that are not pushed into the mantle, they are broken down into sediment by weathering.
Sedimentary rocks are when the layers of sediment are compacted and then transformed into sedimentary rocks. <span />
