Human monoclonal antibody (mAbs) are emerging in the field of cancer therapy and have become an increasing proportion of new drugs that are recently approved. Although there are some methods to obtain antigen-specific mAbs from human B cells, it is generally impossible to directly immunize human beings with antigens of interest. For example, for infectious agents, those approaches are largely restricted. To solve these obstacles, two main approaches have been developed; either by humanizing antigen-specific antibodies from small experimental animals (which is laborious due to the great genetic differences from humans) or rely on the in vitro selection of antigen-specific binders from human antibody repertoires. However, the human mAbs developed by these methods are usually with low affinity.
We are now coming up with a much better idea that is humanizing non-human primates mAbs instead of murine mAbs. Due to the close genetic relationship with humans, immunized NHPs have more potential to be isolated with high affinity antibody to human target than other experimental species, such as mouse, rat and rabbit. In addition, with appropriate method, NHP antibodies are much<span> easier to be humanized</span> without any loss of affinity compared to widely used murine antibodies.
Resource: http://www.creative-biolabs.com/High-Affi-TM-Human-Antibody-Discovery.html
The right answer is the burning of fossil fuels.
While all these proposals have a bad impact on the biosphere, Proposal B is the only one that has a direct link to climate change.
Air pollution by combustion is an alteration of air quality that can be characterized by measurements of chemical, biological or physical pollutants present in the air, with consequences that are detrimental to human health, to living beings , climate, or material goods.
If oxygen is not present, glycolysis would be followed by fermentation
Answer:
A scientific model is a representation model for a certain scientific concept. Scientific models make it easier to study a phenomenon as they tend to model out the exact phenomenons.
A drawing of an skeleton would be unclear as the children might not be able to locate certain features in the drawing. For example, a certain joint could be missed by the teacher in the drawing or the child might not exactly be able to locate where the joint or bone is present.
But as the model will be more real to the actual skeleton system hence, studying through a skeleton will make it a lot easier to study the human skeletal system.
