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Gennadij [26K]
3 years ago
9

Why is it important to back up data on a computer before you burn-in test the cpu?

Computers and Technology
1 answer:
katen-ka-za [31]3 years ago
5 0
A burn-in test is a test which is usually performed on a system or component by running it for a long time in order to bring out any errors or system failures etc. 
While doing it on CPU the data must be backed up as any kind of error or failure may result in the loss of data, at time systems can be repaired to retrieve data but still there is no guarantee, backing up is the best option.
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One of the earlier applications of crypto-graphic hash functions was the storage of passwords to authenticate usersin computer s
vagabundo [1.1K]

Answer: provided in the explanation part.

Explanation:

This is actually quite long but nevertheless i will make it as basic as possible.

Question (a)  

Attack A:

One way property of hash means that we can't find the input string if given the hash value. The calculation of hash from input string is possible but it is not possible to calculate the input string when given the hash. If the hash function is properly created to have one-way property then there is no way of finding the exact input string. So this attack won't work as the one-way property of hash function can't be broken if the hash function is properly created.

Attack B:

Suppose h() is the hash function. And h(x) = m where x is the string and m is the hash. Then trying to find another string y such that h(y) = m is called finding out the second pre-image of the hash.

Although we can't know the exact initial string for sure, we can by using brute force method find out a second preimage.

This attack will take a very long time. It has the time complexity of 2n. It requires the attacker to have an idea about the kind of passwords that might be used and then brute force all of them to find the string that has the same hash. Each try will have a chance of 1/2n to succeed.

Rainbow attack using rainbow table is often used for such brute-force attack. This comprises a rainbow table which contains passwords and their pre-hashed values.

Therefore, it is not possible to determine the second preimages of h so easily.

Attack C:

Collisions refer to finding out m and m' without knowing any of them. Finding out collisions is easier than finding preimages. This is because after finding out 2n pairs of input/output. The probability of two of them having the same output or hash becomes very high. The disadvantage is that we can't decide which user's hash to break. However, if I do not care about a particular user but want to get as many passwords as possible, then this method is the most feasible.

It has the time complexity of 2n/2.

Hence, this is the attack which has the most success rate in this scenario.

Question (b)

The brute force way of finding out the password usually involves using a rainbow attack. It comprises a rainbow table with millions of passwords and their hashes already computed. By matching that table against the database, the password can be recovered.

Therefore it is often preferred to salt the password. It means we add some random text to the password before calculating the hash.

The salts are usually long strings. Although users usually do not select long passwords, so a rainbow table with hashes of smaller passwords is feasible. But once salt is used, the rainbow table must accommodate for the salt also. This makes it difficult computationally. Although password might be found in the rainbow table. The salt can be anything and thus, make brute-force a LOT more difficult computationally.

Therefore salt is preferred to be added to passwords before computing their hash value.

Question (c)

A hash output length of 80 means there can be exactly 280 different hash values. This means there is at least one collision if 280+1 random strings are hashed because 280 values are used to accommodate all the possible strings. It is not hard with today's computation power to do match against more than this many strings. And doing so increases the probability of exposing a probable password of a user.

Hence, 80 is not a very secure value for the hash length.

cheers i hope this helps!!!!

6 0
3 years ago
Which keyboard feature is a form feed character?
Sever21 [200]

Answer:

B

Explanation:

The form feed character code is defined as 12 (0xC inbhexademical), and may be represented as control+L or^L. In a related use, control+L can be used to clear the screen in Unix shells such as bash. In the C programming language ( and other languages derived from C ), the form feed character is represented as '\f'.

5 0
3 years ago
How do you create a algorithm?
aksik [14]
Make sure that each box has an arrow going to it or leading from it, if it needs one. Select “Insert,” then “Shapes,” and choose the Text Box option: Page 2 [Algorithm how-to procedure] 2 Drag the cursor across the document to customize the size of the text box. Click inside the box to begin typing.
brainliest pls
6 0
3 years ago
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Learning is Fun
amm1812
Ggs mate rip pop smoke have a good day I’m just clowning around
3 0
3 years ago
What is the difference between paper size and page margins in word
yKpoI14uk [10]
Paper size is how big or small the paper is whilst paper margin is the staight lines or shapes at the sides of a page or sheet.
6 0
3 years ago
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