consists
extends
passes
are
"Hiking through these mountain ranges is very challenging." The active verb is "is". There is also a gerund, "hiking" which serves as the subject of the sentence. The subject clause is "Hiking through these mountain ranges", so even though "hiking" is a verb form, a gerund, it is not the verb in this sentence; it is part of the subject clause.
The rest of the passage contains other types of verb clauses, so you need to study those until you understand them! (:
spring tide has nothing to do with spring. it means springing fourth. so put happen daily under spring tide & also daily movements of the ocean will go under spring tide.
neap tide is the 1st & 3rd in moon fazing because they are at angles opposite of one another.
now, high and low tides happen when the moon rises and lowers so occurring at full moon & new moon.
& I'm sure you can guess the extremely high & moderate happen in this faze as well.
Maybe a visual to show what changed and how it did and maybe a text like how it did and described what changed