ARTS&CULTURE
How Arab nationalism was born as the Ottoman empire died
In its dying days, the Ottoman Empire attempted to use religion to prolong its life but nascent Arab nationalism helped speed up the inevitable – with consequences we are living with still.
The Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid II in Constantinople during the celebrations for his accession to the throne in September 1876, in an engraving by Antonio Bonamore. DeAgostini / Getty Images

John Mchugo
December 4, 2014
Facing an uncertain future, the religious and ethnic minority groups across Iraq and Syria today have also served as a reminder of the region’s great diversity. The end of a year marking the centenary of the start of the First World War seems a propitious time to assess the relationship between nationalism, ethnic identity and religious affiliation that played out in Greater Syria and the toxic mix of colonial self-interest, authoritarianism and religion that still exacts its price today.
When the Ottoman Navy launched an attack on Russian naval bases in the Black Sea early in the First World War, the once mighty Ottoman Empire had been in decline for more than two centuries. The great powers of Europe had rolled back its frontiers and encircled it with their colonial possessions, but its main losses had been to the nationalism that spread among its subject peoples as the 19th century wore on
White landowners who could make those African Americans work for them
1791 was the year the second amendment was made!
There are lots of examples of the Roman imperial military power, some of which are:
- The battle with the Gauls; the Romans managed to exhibit great tactical knowledge and skills in the battle with the Gauls. They managed to push them exactly where they wanted them, built two walls around them and trapped them, and used their formations very cleverly in every situation by changing tactics as the circumstances required.
- The wars with Macedonia; this three wars were a nice example as to how the Roman military was evolving, learning, and developing with every single battle. In each of the wars a different tactic and formations were used, and the Romans managed to develop few new ones as well as to make their weaknesses another strong asset, and they managed with the final defeat on the Macedonians when they again managed to use the terrain in their advantage and place the Macedonian army exactly were they wanted so that they are weakened in defense while the Romans were in great attacking advantage.
Answer:
d. their empire was neither durable nor as extensive as the Athenians
Explanation:
The Carthaginian Empire had a great commercial impact in present-day North Africa, but its cultural and political influenza is over when the Roman Empire won the Punic wars, in contrast the Athenian Empire managed to influence culturally throughout Europe, expanded its territory to the Current Italy and Turkey.
