Recover could replace salvage
The ideal by which equality of opportunity is available to any American, allowing the highest aspirations and goals to be achieved or reached.
Venn diagram is a visual tool used to compare and contrast.
Other kinds of arguments are based on opposing the two different starting points which compete and try to win over each other. Rogerian argument has an entirely different approach: instead of debating over opposing views, it tries to reconcile the parties by finding and establishing the common ground and common goals. It tries to find similarities, rather than differences.