Answer:
The movement of two continents or plates towards each other refers to the convergent boundaries. The process of plate movement was explained by Alfred Wegener in 1912 in the plate tectonic theory.
The movement of the plates on the surface of the earth is a product of the convective currents that come from within the interior of the planet. There exist three types of plate boundaries based on the arrangement of plate and earth structure such as divergent, convergent, and transform boundary.
The convergence can take place between the two continental landmass, oceanic masses and ocean, and continental landmasses. Where the heavier plate collides and sinks into the mantle.
Hence the geologist using the GPS learns that the movement of two landmasses close to each other is due to the consumption of one plate by another.
Explanation:
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Answer:
1. Atmosphere ⇒ WESTERLIES
The atmosphere refers to the air surrounding a planet which is a mixture of gases the majority of which in Earth's case are Nitrogen and Oxygen. It is in the atmosphere that the westerlies occur. The westerlies are winds blowing from the west to the east.
2. Biosphere ⇒ GRAZING
The biosphere refers to the world's ecosystem and therefore includes all living and non-living things that the living things rely on for food. This is where grazing occurs as animals feed on plants.
3. Hydrosphere ⇒ TIDES
The hydrosphere refers to the waters of Earth including those on the surface, underground and airborne. Waves occur here on surface water.
4. Lithosphere ⇒ WEATHERING
The lithosphere refers to the surface of the earth that is made of rocks(land). Weathering, which is the process by which rocks are broken down, occurs here.
<h2>
The End of Trans-Saharan Trade Routes:</h2>
Explanation:
The factors that led to the end of trans-Saharan trade routes are:
- Civil unrest due to collapse of the Songhay Empire, the Timbuktu, by the Morracans in 1591
- The extreme desert conditions like extreme climates, excessive heat, lack of water and food etc made the travel logistics very tough. This made people opt for other transport systems
- Huge advancements made in maritime travel
- Exploration of West African trade routes
- Economic, political and social changes which led to the end of trans-Saharan trade routes
When tectonic plates move or when they rubbed with each other earthquake happens
