Reduced blood volume leads to collapsing vessels, reduced pressure, and subsequently reduced perfusion pressure. The cardiovascular system combats low blood volume by constricting blood vessels until the body reaches a blood pressure that restores proper perfusion pressure.
Answer: Biopyschosocial model
Explanation: The biopsychosocial model debates that not any one factor is sufficient; it is the cooperation between people's biology, psychology, as well as social and cultural context that can "interfere" with their health outcomes.
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Diabetes mellitus and Diabetes Insipidus
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Explanation:
Diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus are both metabolic endocrine diseases caused due to hormonal imbalance.
<u>Etiology</u><u>:
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<u>Organ and hormone involved</u><u>: </u>
Diabetes mellitus occurs due to inefficiency of the pancreas to produce sufficient amount of the hormone insulin or lack of insulin action resulting in uncontrolled blood glucose levels.
Diabetes insipidus occurs due to inefficiency of the pituitary glands to produce sufficient amount of the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin or lack of vasopressin action resulting in uncontrolled water metabolism.
<u>Signs and symptoms:
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Diabetes mellitus results in increasing blood glucose levels, polyuria and nocturia, polydipsia, polyphagia, fatigue and various other complications affecting eyes, kidneys, nervous system, and heart as the disease progresses.
Diabetes insipidus results in increasing water levels due kidneys excreting large amounts of diluted urine leading to polyuria, polydipsia, and excessive dehydration and fatigue.
<u>Diagnostic/lab tests and results:
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Diabetes mellitus is tested by testing blood glucose levels.
Diabetes insipidus is tested by testing water deprivation or vasopressin level test/the 24-hour urine for urine osmolality levels along with serum electrolyte level tests.
These tests are based on response to vasopressin, urine concentration abilities, urine osmolality, and electrolyte levels of the blood.
