Answer:
Sex linked is a trait in which a gene is located on a sex chromosome. In humans, the term generally refers to traits that are influenced by genes on the X chromosome. This is because the X chromosome is large and contains many more genes than the smaller Y chromosome.
Food is chewed and mixed by the teeth and tongue before being rolled into boluses by peristalsis and entering the stomach through the cardiac sphincter. In the stomach, gastric juice contains pepsinogen, which is activated to pepsin, which breaks down proteins in beans into shorter peptides. Finally, food is churned and allowed into the duodenum via the pyloric sphincter muscle. Finally, bile Trypsin breaks down proteins into shorter peptides, and pancreatic juice, which is released by the pancreas, contains pancreatic lipase, which breaks down bean oil into fatty acids and glycerol. When food enters the ileum, where succus entericus is secreted, it contains the enzymes maltase, peptidase, and lipase, which break down the remaining lipids (oil) into fatty acids and glycerol, which are then absorbed through the lacteals of the villi. Maltase breaks down maltose into glucose, which is then absorbed.
The Digestion and Absorption Process
Even before you put food in your mouth, digestion starts. Your body notifies your brain that it is time to eat when you feel hungry. Your body's ability to prepare for eating is influenced by sights and odours. Your brain receives a message when you smell food. The mouth is subsequently instructed by the brain to prepare, and you begin to salivate in anticipation of a mouthwatering meal.
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Answer:
Adaptive defenses include both humoral and cellular immunity.
Explanation:
The innate immune response is the non-specific immune response and serves to provide an immediate and general immune response. The adaptive immune responses are the specific immune responses. Adaptive immune responses include cell-mediated immunity and antibody-mediated immunity.
Cell-mediated immunity includes T cells (cytotoxic and helper T cells) while antibody-mediated immunity includes the production of antibodies from B cells. Binding of antigen to B cells is followed by their transformation into plasma cells and produce antibodies. Some of the activated B cells form memory B cells that are responsible for quicker and strong secondary immune responses.
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