The arrival of the Indo-Europeans in the Near East made huge changes in the region with long lasting effects. After their arrival, the region started to develop significantly, multiple strong empires were formed, empires that were developing the sciences, the weapons, the culture, politics, empires that managed to spread all of these things around and change the way of thinking and functioning of the whole region, and later on, on a much larger scale.
Everyone that is below the established level of what can be called “Elite” is what the Proles are, in '1984'. The proletariat, by definition, is someone who works to survive. Therefore, anyone who has to work, to earn a living and survive, is Prole.
the opponents of liberalism was The absolute monarchy, the divine right of kings Prevalent in the Middle Ages
and Later on, the fiercest opponents were corrupt
Hoover felt that government should take a very off-hands approach, and the government should be akin to a guide letting their leashed dog choose the path; however, FDR believed in a very hands on and big government approach, and he advocated for expanding the role of the government unlike Hoover.