Cesare Borgia, Duke of Valentinois, was an Italian condottiero, nobleman, politician, and cardinal with Aragonese origin.
Transcendentalism was a philosophical and literary movement of the 1800s which supported living a simple life and celebrated the truth of nature, personal emotion and imagination. This movement emerged to protest against the general state of spirituality and intellectualism.
Revivalism constituted further spiritual interest in the life of society or a church congregation which have an effect that could be global as well as local or national. Revival was the aim to awaken religious faith leading to the increase of church membership. They rejected Calvinistic belief and highlighted individual responsibility in search for salvation.
Transcendentalist agreed with revivalist on the importance of both individual and social reforms. They also believed that it was possible.
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire
