The protective tariffs allowed Northerners to compete with the British manufacturers. This was opposed by the Southerners. It is because having the tariffs made their European trading partners angry. The tariffs created a rift between the Northerners and the Southerners.
The principles that were established in the Magna Carta were that everyone would be subject to the law even the king, and guarantees the rights of individuals, the right to justice and the right to a fair trial.
It created the War Production Board, an agency to keep track on the production of military needs in industries. It changed the industries to produce guns, and materials needed in the army. After the war, this was WPB also end its military manufactures.
The answer to question 3 is Israeli... if that helps.
