Answer:
The moon has a higher maximum surface temperature compared to Earth (253 degrees of moon to 136 degrees of Earth), but this also depends on night (which is colder) or day (which is hotter).
If you look at the graph, you'll notice that the tides are far more extreme on day 5 and far less extreme on day 13. You need to realize that both the Sun and the Moon contribute to the tides with the moon causing about twice the effect of the sun. So on Day 5, both the Moon and Sun were in phase with each other and worked together to cause the rather extreme tide, while on the 13th, the Sun and the Moon were working at cross purpose and causes the relatively minor tides. With this information, let's now answer the questions.
What kind of tide occurred on Day 5?
These are several different names used for tides when both the Sun and Moon contribute. They are "spring tides" or "king tides". The names has nothing to due with the actual season of spring, but is simply a synonym for jump or leap. The diagram representing the Earth, Moon, and Sun for this kind of tide will have all three bodies arranged in a straight line. There are two possible arrangements for the bodies. They are Sun, Earth, Moon all in a straight line, or Sun, Moon, Earth. Either arrangement will result in a spring tide.
What kind of tide occurred on Day 13?This kind of tide occurs when the Sun partially cancels out the tide from the Moon. It is called a "neap tide" which means "without the power". The diagram of the Sun, Earth and Moon for this kind of tide has the three bodies arranged at right angles to each other. So draw a right angle with one leg being long and the other leg being short. Then at the intersection of the two lines, draw the Earth. At the end of the long leg away from the Earth will be the Sun, and at the end of the short leg away from the Earth will be the moon.
