In geography, the temperature in a given location is affected by different factors, mainly latitude, altitude, pressure, the weather, and ocean currents.
Pressure – d. Affects temperature, moisture, and storm tracks. Pressure and temperature are directly linked: when one increases, so does the other, and vice versa. If cold air (which is dense and dry) encounters warm air, the warmer air will rise to the top because density makes cold air heavier. The air pressure at the surface will fall. This newly-formed low pressure system creates winds and storms.
Geographic position – b. Local topography helps predict temperature and precipitation. It depends whether you are on a mountain, in the North pole, in the ocean, etc.
Oceans – d. Sea surface temperature influences air temperature and evaporation rates. Sea surface temperature is where the water's temperature meets the air's temperature. As a result of a high difference between the two (as explained in 1.), storms or variations in the atmosphere can happen. Besides, warm water makes surface air warmer, which increases the temperature in nearby land areas, and vice versa.
Mountains – c. Thinner air less able to hold heat makes climate colder. At high altitude, the air is less dense, which means it can't absorb and retain heat very well.
Latitude – a. Affects temperature by influencing the seasonal range of solar intensity. This geographic coordinate helps determine how far north or south a particular point is on the surface of the earth, with the equator and the poles as reference points. All latitude lines are therefore parallel to the equator, which has more solar intensity. The higher the latitude (i.e., the closer you get to the poles) the lower the temperature, and vice versa.
