The answer is B, because the eclipse allows scientists to study the sun, a very rare treat
"the harsh restrictions provoked anger and outrage in the public," is an independent clause. An independent clause is a clause that can stand alone as a sentence and does not need any other parts.
"During the long winter" is an adverbial clause, which means it is describing how something is before the sentence. It could be more closely compared to a dependent clause because it cannot act alone in a sentence.
Since you don't include "the following" benefits of college then one may surmise the benefits:
1) Increased education
2) increase in making personal connections that benefit ones ability to get a job
3) personal growth toward becoming independent ...
For starters.
One thought that is not a benefit is
1) having lots of free time to do what one wants to do.
