The advantage of an electron transport chain is that a small amount of energy is released with the transfer of an electron between each pair of intermediates. <span>An </span>electron transport chain<span> (ETC) is a series of compounds that </span>transfer electrons<span> from </span>electron <span>donors to </span>electron<span> acceptors via redox (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) reactions, and couples this </span>electron transfer<span> with the </span>transfer<span> of protons (H</span>+<span> ions) across a membrane.</span>
Orange juice is mildly acidic (pH = approximately 3.5), whereas baking soda is basic (pH = 9.0). Acids are substances that provide hydrogen ions (H+) and lower pH, whereas bases provide hydroxide ions (OH–) and raise pH.