A. Japan
A nation-state is a form of political organization under which a relatively homogeneous people inhabits a sovereign state especially : a state containing one nationality. They have a common ethnicity and national culture.
2. It actually sealed the deal that foreign countries would not be involved in that war.
Mountains make up about 70% of the landscape, which makes life a lot harder for those living there. This is why most people in Korea live along the Western Coastal Plains.
Hope this helped, and have a nice day! :)