Answer:
<em>Three important energy carrier molecules in a cell are: ATP (Adenosine triphosphate, NADPH (Nicotinamide Adenosine Dinucleotide Phosphate) and FADH2. </em>
Explanation:
All the three carrier molecules play an important role in cellular respiration and photosynthesis. One NADH molecule is equal to 3 ATP molecule while 1 FADH2 molecule is equal to 2 ATP molecule.
During the active process, ATP is used as a form of energy because ATP dephosphorylates to ADP and Inorganic phosphate, Pi and release energy.
<span>Cortisol level is low and ACTH is high. This is signs of primary adrenal insufficiency. Low cortisol caused by damage to the anterior pituitary, and ACTH is elevated to compensate.</span>
Answer:
Answered below
Explanation:
Pepetidoglycans are the structural polymers which make up the cell walls of most bacteria.
It consists of the macromolecule, glycan chains, which are repeating N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine residues. These glycan chains combine or cross-link with peptide side chains (proteins) to form a mesh-like layer outside the plasma membrane of most bacteria.
Peptidoglycan is the major structural component and the basic unit of the bacterial cell wall and provides protection to the cytoplasmic membrane, mechanical rigidity and also regulates the passage of fluid, amino acids, sugar and ions, in and out of the cell.