There are different ways to handle any situation. The answers are;
- The Mom’s plan uses punishment as she takes away the toy to reduce the frequency of occurrence of spitting.
- The Mom’s plan to use negative punishment is because she's removing the toy.
Punishment is a known as a term associated with operant conditioning psychology. It is said to be change in the behavior that takes place after a behavior that tends to limit the likelihood that that behavior will take place again in the future.
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D. Have state representatives decide how to spend the money
Answer:B Yes, as to the promise to respect the flag.
Explanation:The graduate is correct in terms of the promise to respect the flag , this part is unconstitutional so no one is forced to swear by it. However the she is wrong in the other two promises because those two are constitutional, The supreme Court does require that government employees uphold an oath to oppose any violent action that is meant to overthrow the government and they are required to uphold the state and Federal Constitution. This them makes the option A and C incorrect because in this regard the graduate isn't correct. Government can't however force an individual to show respect to the flag because someone may refuse to do due to their religious beliefs and as we know everyone has the right to freely pursue their religion of choice. Hence B is correct and D is incorrect.