Generally speaking, rules that have the force of law are called "<span>a. mandates," although it should be noted that this could be interpreted as "executive orders" depending on the circumstances and country. </span><span />
(APEX) Both were surprise attacks that resulted in serious negative consequences for the attackers.
<span>a line drawn by the pope that divided the world in half to settle differences between Portugal and Spain.</span>
The correct answer is France
When the French revolution happened, most of the Nobility that hadn't escaped was executed, and all things relating to the Church were forbidden. Even the calendar was changed because the names of months were related to Christian things. It influenced numerous political revolutions, Haiti just being one of the country that started a revolution.