The 13th amendment stated “neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, EXCEPT AS A PUNISHMENT FOR CRIME...” so when white settlers could no longer have African-American as slaves they needed a loophole. So incarcerating an African-American for petty crimes, such as theft or burglary for an abundance amount of time created mass incarceration.
<span>C. Its exports exceed its imports.
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Hope this Helps!!
Pacific ocean or california