The examples in this questions describes what is known as the substantive representation.
The substantive representation can be explained to be the tendency of the elected members of the US representatives or legislators to advocate for certain groups of people in the society.
All of these people that were listed in this question are all running to be in the congress where they can act as representatives of the people.
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The money supply is the total quantity of money in the economy at any given time. Economists measure the money supply because it is directly connected to the activity taking place all around us in the economy. In addition, the Federal Reserve's Board of Governors and the Federal Open Market Committee use this information as the basis of their monetary policy.
The study of respondent behavior is to Pavlov as the study of operant behavior is to Skinner. Thus, option (a) is correct.
What is behavior?
The term behavior refers to how a person react to a particular situation. A person behavior reflect the personality and show person attitude. The behavior change means a person change in attitude as well as developed new things are built.
The concept of the conditioned reflex was created through Ivan Pavlov's investigations on response behavior. The theory of how learning is a result of change in overt behavior was created by Burrhus and Frederic Skinner.
As a result, the respondent behavior is the study of Pavlov, operant behavior of Skinner. Therefore, option (a) is correct.
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Your question is incomplete, but most probably the full question was.
a) Pavlov; Skinner
b) Thorndike; Pavlov
c) Thorndike; Skinner
d) Skinner; Thorndike
As division of labor increases productivity, it also means that it's cheaper to produce a good. In turn, this translates to cheaper products. If labor is divided between five people who specialise in their task, it becomes quicker and more efficient. In turn, the number of goods produced increases.
(hope this helps a bit)
The last one because every one pays they’re own individual taxes