Answer:
1. International - 2. Political conflict - 3. The Enlightenment - 4. Social antagonisms - 5. Ineffective ruler - 6. Economic hardship
Explanation:
International: struggle for hegemony and Empire outstrips the fiscal resources of the state
- Political conflict: conflict between the Monarchy and the nobility over the “reform” of the tax system led to paralysis and bankruptcy
- The Enlightenment: impulse for reform intensifies political conflicts; reinforces traditional aristocratic constitutionalism, one variant of which was laid out in Montequieu’s Spirit of the Laws; introduces new notions of good government, the most radical being popular sovereignty, as in Rousseau’s Social Contract [1762]; the attack on the regime and privileged class by the Literary Underground of “Grub Street;” the broadening influence of public opinion.
- Social antagonisms between two rising groups: the aristocracy and the bourgeoisie
- Ineffective ruler: Louis XVI
- Economic hardship, especially the agrarian crisis of 1788-89 generates popular discontent and disorders caused by food shortages.
religious toleration
Rhode Island founder Roger Williams believed in religious toleration.
Williams (1603-1683) founded the Rhode Island colony after being banished from Massachusetts in 1636 because of his views. He advocated keeping church and state separate. Rhode Island became a safe place for various religious dissenters and minorities to find a place to exist peacefully -- Baptists, Quakers, Jews and other religious minorities. Years later, when colonial America became the United States of America and the US Constitution was being written, Roger Williams idea of maintaining a “wall of separation” between church and state influenced the framers of the Constitution and Bill of Rights.
They are two separate events. The crash of 1929 was caused by too many people having stock that they only owned 10% of. That is a very dangerous situation. Here's why.
When a market is going up, suppose you "buy" 100 shares of something at 10 dollars a share. That's 1000 dollars. Now suppose you say to your broker "I'll just put up 100 of that thousand. I'll borrow the rest." Your broker says fine. He gets the other 90 shares for you. You're on an up cycle and the stock goes up to 12 dollars. You let it ride. You're making money.
But what happens when the stock goes down to 9.50? Now your stock is 50 dollars away from you having lost everything you put in it. You want to sell, but your broker says don't. It's a good stock. Let it ride this downturn out. He's the expert, so you listen. You go to work and sometime while you're travelling the stock drops to 8.00. How you owe more money, When you get to work, you frantically phone and tell your broker to sell.
But he's sweating bullets too. He's lot many clients just like you and they all want to do the same thing as you do. You are willing to sell at any price which drives the stock down to 7.00. Now you don't know what to do -- you are 300 in debt.
Millions of people were going through the same thing at once. The banks were holding worthless notes. The credit system was being ripped apart.
That was one of the things that caused the market crash. Too much debt. Sound familiar? It should.
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The depression was another matter. At the time the market was falling apart and credit lines were being destroyed, the farmers were facing their own problems. You might want to think about watching the Grapes of Wrath. The farm land was being destroyed by incorrect farming methods. Since the banks were already in trouble, they had to call in some or all of their loans. The farmers couldn't grow anything, but even if they could no bank was willing to take a chance on loaning money out.
People lost everything trying to hang on,, but it was no use.
Answers are:
1) Martin Luthers Ninety-Five Theses - <span>questioned many tenets of the Catholic Church.
</span>2) Spiritual Exercises - <span>a set of meditation, prayer, and contemplation exercises to strengthen one’s relationship with God. Written by </span>Saint Ignatius of Loyola.
3) Index Librorum Prohibitorum - <span>listed the works which were banned by the church.
</span>4) Malleus Maleficarum - an authoritative treatise on witchcraft. Also called <span>Hammer of Witches.</span>
One of the most significant events in history happened in the early seventh century in the deep interior of the Arabian Peninsula. The introduction of a new religion, Islam, to the world by the Prophet Mohammed united numerous warring Arab tribes. With their new found religious fervor, Arab armies march forth to spread the word of Islam. Arab invasions of surrounding lands resulted in the establishment of one of the largest empires in history, the Arab Empire.
