The Statue of Liberty, the most famous symbolic statue of a woman, was modeled after Marie Bartholdi, the sculptor's mother." "Frédéric-Auguste Bartholdi knew he wanted to build a giant copper goddess; he used his mother as the model."
According to funtrivia.com
I believe the answer is: The printing press allowed mass production of books that spread new scientific ideas.
The invention of printing press make it easier for people to obtain information that they previously couldn't have dream to have access on. The number of Literacy rate after the printing press soar along with the number of scholars who choose to pursue higher education.
The correct answer is the first one. The ottoman empire did conquer parts of northern africa
I believe that NIBBA spelled ICUP. Might be wrong though! hope this helps.