Uniformitarianism
fossils
radioactive decay
48 million
after
The youngest age of the shale is 910 ka. According to the principle of inclusions, the shale formed before the tephra, so the tephra must be younger than 910 ka.
The smallest "dwarf elliptical" galaxies are less than one-tenth the size of the Milky Way! Elliptical galaxies have very little gas and dust. Since stars form from gas, little star formation occurs in elliptical galaxies.
Hope this helped.
Russia, Mongolia and Kazakhstan.
