Controlling the rates of transcription and translation is important in bacteria to avoid collisions between ribosomes and rna po
lymerases. calculate what the maximum rate of translation by a ribosome in a bacterial cell would have to be, in units of amino acids per second, so as not to overtake an rna polymerase that is transcribing mrna at a rate of 60 nucleotides per second.
Transcription is a mechanism for synthesizing RNA from DNA.
Translation is a mechanism for synthesizing a polypeptide sequence from mRNA by converting the nucleotide triplet (codons) to amino acids.
So if one amino acid corresponds to three nucleotides. The polypeptide synthesis rate should be 20 amino acids per second for 60 nucleotides per second.
Narrow-spectrum antibiotics target a few types of bacteria. Broad-spectrum antibiotics target many types of bacteria. Both types work well to treat infections. But using broad-spectrum antibiotics when they're not needed can create antibiotic-resistant bacteria that are hard to treat.
