In the year 1882, the U.S senate passed the Chinese Exclusion act and was signed by President Chester A. Arthur. During the time period, there was many immigrants, especially Chinese, that immigrated to the United States, which caused a lot of labor. Congress decided to pass this law because a lot of Chinese people were illegally immigrating to the United States and taking away the jobs that the American Citizens wanted. The Act caused the Chinese to be ineligible for naturalization, meaning that they can't become a citizen. Because of the act, the Chinese population in the U.S during that time declined tremendously.
The term that describes the fact that owners of corporate shares or stocks do not risk anything beyond their original investment is called "limited liability" and means that they can't lose personal property.
The correct answer among all the other choices is 4. through overthrowing the swiss monarch and establishing a council of nobles. This is how the Switzerland become the direct inheritor and propagator of roman republicanism. Thank you for posting your question. I hope this answer helped you. Let me know if you need more help.