The Death of Ivan IIyich, written by Leo Tolstoy and published in 1886, tells the story of a judge from the Court of Justice, Ivan, who has to face first a life without any substance or depth in it, which he embraces even if it hurts him and he is unhappy, an unhappy marriage with a family that barely cares for him, an accident that at first seems harmless but later on becomes the reason for his passing, his contact with innocence through his servant boy, Gerasim, which forces him to realize the difference between an artifical and an authentic life, and finally, his contact with death and its inevitability. In the end, Ivan realizes that death cannot be avoided and that embracing it and accepting it can be much less painful than fighting it. This is why the correct answer is 1. Acceptance of death causes less pain.
The use of personification is present in this sentence= My shoes crunched on the gravel and I hear crickets laughing, and humans laugh, crickets don’t and there is the usage of personification, hope this helps
