Option c would be the most befitting one.
The explanation for the differences in wavelength observed from earth and a distant star with a shift towards the red end of the spectrum is the Redshift- Doppler effect.
<h3>What is the Doppler effect?</h3>
The Doppler effect is the difference that occur between the frequency of a wave in relation to observer from the wave source.
The wavelength changes with change in the frequency.
<h3>How does the Doppler effect explain the redshift?</h3>
As an object moves away from Earth, the waves moves to the red end of the electromagnetic spectrum and becomes elongated. This results to the increase in wavelength.
Therefore, the explanation for the differences in wavelength observed from earth and a distant star with a shift towards the red end of the spectrum is the redshift-Doppler effect.
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Answer: 
Explanation:
The Tropic of Cancer is one of the parallels (imaginary line around the Earth parallel to the equator) located in the northern hemisphere (currently its latitude is 
).
It is called "Cancer" because a long time ago, when the summer solstice occurred in the northern hemisphere (on June 20th or 21st), the Sun was in the constellation Cancer (the crab).
Now, if we were just in the North Pole, Polaris would by exactly over our heads (
over the horizon), but as we go south and find the Tropic of Cancer parallel, Polaris altitude will be approximately at an angle of over the horizon.
Hence, the altitude of Polaris measured by an observer at the Tropic of Cancer is .
A key finding from this work was that job creation in the United States was not coming from large companies, but small independently owned businesses. It recommended that government policy should target indirect rather than direct strategies with a greater focus on the role of small firms. Over the past 35 years the level of government interest in entrepreneurship and small business development as potential solutions to flagging economic growth and rising unemployment has increased. It helped to spawn a new field of academic study and research.
Answer: As altitude increases, atmospheric pressure decreases
Explanation:
Atmospheric pressure 
is defined as the force 
per unit area 
the air that forms the atmosphere exerts on the Earth's surface:
It should be noted that as the altitude increases less air is above and, therefore the air weights less. This is because the atmosphere losses density as we ascend, causing less air.
However, it is important to point out this decrease in pressure is not linear, since at the beginning (in the first kilometers above sea level) it reduces more rapidly than in the next kilometers above. That is why this relationship between atmospheric pressure and altitude is exponential.
