The First Transcontinental Railroad (also called the Great Transcontinental Railroad, known originally as the "Pacific Railroad" and later as the "Overland Route") was a 1,912-mile (3,077 km) continuous railroad line constructed between 1863 and 1869 that connected the existing eastern U.S. rail network at Omaha, Nebraska/Council Bluffs, Iowa with the Pacific coast at the Oakland Long Wharf on San Francisco Bay.[1] The rail line was built by three private companies over public lands provided by extensive US land grants.[2] Construction was financed by both state and US government subsidy bonds as well as by company issued mortgage bonds.[3][4][5][N 1] The Western Pacific Railroad Company built 132 mi (212 km) of track from Oakland/Alameda to Sacramento, California. The Central Pacific Railroad Company of California (CPRR) constructed 690 mi (1,110 km) eastward from Sacramento to Promontory Summit, Utah Territory (U.T.). The Union Pacific built 1,085 mi (1,746 km) from the road's eastern terminus at Council Bluffs near Omaha, Nebraska westward to Promontory Summit.[7][8][9]
The railroad opened for through traffic on May 10, 1869 when CPRR President Leland Stanford ceremonially drove the gold "Last Spike" (later often referred to as the "Golden Spike") with a silver hammer at Promontory Summit.[10][11] The coast-to-coast railroad connection revolutionized the settlement and economy of the American West. It brought the western states and territories into alignment with the northern Union states and made transporting passengers and goods coast-to-coast considerably quicker and less expensive.
Paddle steamers linked Sacramento to the cities and their harbor facilities in the San Francisco Bay until 1869, when the CPRR completed and opened the WP grade (which the CPRR had acquired control of in 1867–68 [N 2][N 3]) to Alameda and Oakland.
The first transcontinental rail passengers arrived at the Pacific Railroad's original western terminus at the Alameda Mole on September 6, 1869 where they transferred to the steamer Alameda for transport across the Bay to San Francisco. The road's rail terminus was moved two months later to the Oakland Long Wharf about a mile to the north.[15][16][N 4] Service between San Francisco and Oakland Pier continued to be provided by ferry.
The CPRR eventually purchased 53 miles (85 km) of UPRR-built grade from Promontory Summit (MP 828) to Ogden, U.T. (MP 881), which became the interchange point between trains of the two roads. The transcontinental line was popularly known as the Overland Route after the principal passenger rail service that operated over the length of the line until 1962.[19]
Cancel culture hasn't taken a huge effect on history other than "canceling" figures such as Christopher Columbus. Multiple monuments have been toppled or graffitied on that represent the dark spots in history, such as confederate leaders, colonizers, etc. Though the context in history books have not changed as much. Removing history from the books is no the responsibility of cancel culture. Cancel culture could be a possible threat to learning true history and how we came to be. We must learn true history to not make the same mistakes we did in the past. History will repeat itself.
C They wanted to escape poverty and overpopulation.
The Cheyenne are one of the indigenous peoples of the Great Plains and their language is of ... Another of the common etymologies for Cheyenne is "a bit like the [people of an] alien speech" (literally, "red-talker"). ... According to tribal history, during the 17th century, the Cheyenne had been driven by the Assiniboine ...
The Apache are a group of culturally related Native American tribes in the Southwestern United ... Apache people have moved throughout the United States and elsewhere, ...... A common practice among Southern Athabascan hunters was the ..... Alabama · Arapaho · Caddo · Cayuga · Cherokee · Cheyenne · Chickasaw ...
<span>Many things changed during the Renaissance, but the most important shift was from the religious to the secular. There were still religious people and ideas - including Dante and Erasmus - but they thought differently about life or wrote from a more humanist perspective.</span>
