C.
This is why we have good relations currently.
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During the Nara Period (710-794 CE) the Japanese imperial court was beset by internal conflicts motivated by the aristocracy battling each other for favours and positions and an excessive influence on policy from Buddhist sects whose temples were dotted around the capital. Eventually, the situation resulted in Emperor Kammu (r. 781-806 CE) moving the capital from Nara to (briefly) Nagaokakyo and then to Heiankyo in 794 CE to start afresh and release the government from corruption Kyoto was the centre of a government which consisted of the emperor, his high ministers, a council of state and eight ministries which, with the help of an extensive bureaucracy, ruled over some 7,000,000 people spread over 68 provinces, each ruled by a regional governor and further divided into eight or nine districts. In wider Japan, the lot of the peasantry was not quite so rosy as the aesthetics-preoccupied nobility at court. The vast majority of Japan’s population worked the land, In terms of religion, Buddhism continued its dominance, helped by such noted scholar monks as Kukai (774-835 CE) and Saicho (767-822 CE), who founded the Shingon and Tendai Buddhist sects respectively. They brought from their visits to China new ideas, practices, and texts, notably the Lotus Sutra (Hokke-kyo) which contained the new message that there were many different but equally valid ways to enlightenment. There was also Amida (Amitabha), the Buddha of Pure Land Buddhism, Following a final embassy to the Tang court in 838 CE, there were no longer formal diplomatic relations with China as Japan became somewhat isolationist without any necessity to defend its borders or embark on territorial conquest. However, sporadic trade and cultural exchanges continued with China, as before. Goods imported from China included medicines, worked silk fabrics, ceramics, weapons, armour, and musical instruments, while Japan sent in return pearls, gold dust, amber, The Heian period is noted for its cultural achievements, at least at the imperial court. These include the creation of a Japanese writing (kana) using Chinese characters, mostly phonetically, which permitted the production of the world’s first novel, the Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu (c. 1020 CE), and several noted diaries (nikki) written by court ladies, including The Pillow Book by Sei Shonagon which she completed c. 1002 CE. Other famous works of the period are the Izumi Shikibu Diary
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During the protestant reformation, there were two major periods of conflict known as the Bohemian and Swedish phases. The causes of these conflicts had a number of long term effects on the protestant reformation including:
* Reduction in territory for many countries that had converted to Protestantism
* Many catholic territories being taken over by protestants
* Economic issues caused by constant warfare
* Long-lasting tensions between Catholics and Protestants
During the Bohemian phase, causalities were high due to large battles with heavy artillery being used. This is when leaders from both sides realized that casualties from war would be much less when taking place in smaller, more focused groups rather than larger armies which would result in greater loss of life. In doing so, the protestant reformation was able to spread more quickly than the catholic reformation.
As for economic issues caused by constant warfare, public funding was diverted towards military spending so that they were capable of defending their territory. This resulted in decreased spending on education and social welfare which allowed for an increase in poverty within these countries. The protestants took advantage of this by allowing local rulers to decide on religious matters instead of forcing them to convert.
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