Answer:
d. all of the above.
Explanation:
The Grand Mosque, the world's largest clay construction in Djenne, is the inexhaustible source of inspiration for the genre. The city is considered a world heritage site by UNESCO, for the monumental value of its civil constructions with the characteristic style of clay architecture and for being considered an exceptional witness to the pre-Islamic civilizations of the Niger delta interior. Excavations nearby revealed an important page of human history dating back to the 3rd century BC. They brought to light an archaeological ensemble that bears witness to a pre-Islamic urban structure with a wealth of circular or rectangular buildings, as well as a wide variety of terracotta artifacts. and metal that prove the evolution of industrial and craft techniques.
The region where the archaeological sites are located is known as Djenné - Djeno, which was abandoned in the 14th century in favor of Djenné, which had been inhabited since the 11th century. In Djenne, Sultan Koumboro converted to Islam, abandoning his palace and making it the first mosque in the city, which was destroyed in 1830 and then replaced in 1906 by the current one, which gives charm to the "new" city. The Great Mosque has raised in its towers large wooden trunks called turrets, which protrude from the interior of the structure, forming the highlight of the building. In addition to fulfilling the supporting role, the logs serve as a stairway for the plastering of the monument, which takes place once a year, before the rainy season (usually in April), with the participation of all the city's residents, who celebrate a big party for the event.
The Grand Mosque, the world's largest clay construction in Djenne, is the inexhaustible source of inspiration for the genre. The city is considered a world heritage site by UNESCO, for the monumental value of its civil constructions with the characteristic style of clay architecture and for being considered an exceptional witness to the pre-Islamic civilizations of the Niger delta interior. Excavations nearby revealed an important page of human history dating back to the 3rd century BC. They brought to light an archaeological ensemble that bears witness to a pre-Islamic urban structure with a wealth of circular or rectangular buildings, as well as a wide variety of terracotta artifacts. and metal that prove the evolution of industrial and craft techniques.
Marked by the use of clay as a base and finishing material, the buildings blend with the dry landscape. Land, the most abundant and accessible material in nature, has been used since early times for house building, but it was the techniques developed in Mali, added to the aesthetic fluidity, that marked the story, using adobe brick, made of stone. from stepped mud, supplemented with natural components like dung or chopped grass. Sun-dried bricks for two weeks are the basis of the construction, which uses the same material as mortar. Above all functional, Malian architecture is born to perfect man's interaction with the dry, high-wind environment prevalent in the region. Thus, the constructions, besides the creative and authentic expression force, bring complex techniques to adapt to the atmosphere in which it is inserted.
