On March 1, 1917, the American public learned about a German proposal to ally with Mexico if the United States entered the war. Months earlier, British intelligence had intercepted a secret message from German Foreign Minister Arthur Zimmermann to the Mexican government, inviting an alliance (along with Japan) that would recover the southwestern states Mexico lost to the U.S. during the Mexican War of 1846-47.
The secret to the British interception began years earlier. In 1914, with war imminent, the British had quickly dispatched a ship to cut Germany’s five trans-Atlantic cables and six underwater cables running between Britain and Germany. Soon after the war began, the British successfully tapped into overseas cable lines Germany borrowed from neutral countries to send communications. Britain began capturing large volumes of intelligence communications.
British code breakers worked to decrypt communication codes. In October of 1914, the Russian admiralty gave British Naval Intelligence (known as Room 40) a copy of the German naval codebook removed from a drowned German sailor’s body from the cruiser SMS Magdeburg. Room 40 also received a copy of the German diplomatic code, stolen from a German diplomat’s luggage in the Near East. By 1917, British Intelligence could decipher most German messages.
The Constitutional Issues that arose in the above presidential actions were:
- Ronald Reagan - Iran - Contra Affair - Separation of Powers.
- Bill Clinton impeachment - Checks and Balances principle.
- George W. Bush : Use of executive priviledge - Separation of Powers
- George W. Bush: Patriot Act: - Bill of Rights violation
- George W. Bush: Iraq War - Separation of Powers.
<h3>What were the constitutional issues involved in past president's actions?</h3>
The Separation of Powers principle allows Congress the sole power over U.S. funding efforts internationally. President Reagan's administration circumvented this by trading with Iraq and funding Contra rebels.
Bill Clinton's impeachment showed the Checks and Balances principle that allows for Congress to act against the president for misdemenor crimes.
George Bush tried to use executive privilege but this could only go so far because Congress had powers over his purported actions
The Patriot Act violated the Bill of Rights as regards searches without warrants and violation of privacy. The Iraq War showed the separation of powers principle because Congress had to okay an invasion before it happened.
Find out more on the Separation of Powers Principle at brainly.com/question/3509078.
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Hudson was the only one that did not start a settlement in North America
<span>The reason of the fall of </span>Meroë is that it was conquered by the Aksumites around the year 330 CE where in this period Meroitic written and spoken language died. The Aksumites over-used Meroe's resources specifically their land which led to desertification. Meroe drastically declined as a city by the 5th centuy.
Hitler and the Nazis say about Jews,:)
