Answer:
D the current changes are mush smaller than in the past.
Answer:
Both electron transport and a proton gradient
Explanation:
The process of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and electron transport chain in photosynthesis undergo chemiosmosis to produce ATP molecules.
Chemiosmosis is a process where the energy utilized by the movement of proton and electrons produces ATP molecules.
Both the processes involve the movement of electrons through electron carriers where the reduced energy is utilized to drive the flow of protons through the plasma membrane. This creates a proton gradient across the plasma membrane which rotates the ATP synthase and converts the ADP molecules into ATP molecules.
Thus, the selected option is correct.
A reflex arc is a neural pathway that controls a reflex. In vertebrates, most sensory neurons do not pass directly into the brain, but synapse in the spinal cord.
Afferent nerve fibers carry signals from the somatic receptors to the posterior horn of the spinal cord or to the brainstem.
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Veins provide support for the leaf and transport both water and minerals (via xylem) and food energy (via phloem) through the leaf and on to the rest of the plant.
