Chimel vs. California states that police officers who are completing a lawful arrest may search an individuals possessions that are immediately within reach of the person. However, the police officers cannot search other parts of the house without a search warrant. This is why search warrants now are very specific as to what can be searched by law enforcement officials.
The idea of the political party goes back the First Triumvirate of Rome. Marcus Crassus, Gnaeus Pompeius, and Gaius Julius all came to the realisation that they could cement their political power by forming an alliance. In this case it ended disastrously with Julius invading Rome, Pompeius having to fight him (and losing), and Gaius Julius getting to drop “Gaius” from the common usage of his name and add “Caesar” to the end of it.
Despite the outcome, the idea of creating a political power bloc has remained in any system of government that it can exist in. It allows the members to exercise more power and present a united front. Love them or hate them, it’s easy to find out what a major political party generally stands for.
At our last election, we had a series of independents running locally. Most had no website and no signage up around town. The only information I could find on them was a short write-up in the local paper. The write-ups tended to focus on one issue. For example, one candidate was a former nurse and passionate about protecting the healthcare system. That didn’t tell me how she felt about climate change, education, infrastructure, social policies, or anything else. No, it was way easier to vote for a political party.
I'm assuming you are talking about the American Civil War. There is still a certain level of racism in the South that was heightened by the Civil War and the Southern economy is not as good because they are still behind industrially because they relied so heavily on cotton around the time of the war. Also punishments from Reconstruction and the increased industrialization in the North that occurred as a result of the war has and will continue to hurt the South.
