He was an American political leader, military general, statesman, and founding father who served as the first president of the U.S. from 1789 to 1797. Previously he led Patriot forces to victory in the national’s war for independence.
I believe the document is the Emancipation Proclamation, and it was issued by president Abraham Lincoln.
The answer would be C. the movement of plants, animals, people, and diseases between the old world and the new world.
Hope this helped!
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It's kinda hard to explain but I found a reliable website
http://www.history.com/topics/mcculloch-v-maryland