Answer:
A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is the most common gene variation found among people. A SNP represents a change in a single DNA block, called a nuecleotide, being able, for example, to replace a nucleotide cytosine (C), with a nucleotide thymine (T), guanine (G) or adenine (A) in the genome. They represent the 90% of all the human gene variations.
Explanation:
Answer:
It has a semi permeable membrane.
The effect of this medication should be preventing gastric acid to destroy stomach(or esophagus).
There is some reason why a patient should increase his/her stomach pH. Acidity inside stomach is used for digesting food and killing microbes, but when there is no food then the stomach can digest itself and causing pain. Sometimes the acid also can go upward into the esophagus and damage it, called acid reflux.
Answer:
Concentrations of ATP, NADPH and sugars would decrease
Further Explanation:
- Light energy is absorbed and transferred to the reaction center.
- A water molecule is split.
- Electrons are transferred from photosystem II to photosystem I.
- ATP is synthesized from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
Photosynthesis is a chemical pathway that’s integral to producing energy in plants and other primary producers. Energy in the form of molecules of glucose is produced from light, water and carbon dioxide while oxygen is released. This occurs in several complex steps, photosynthesis is a rate limited reaction, depends on several factors including carbon dioxide concentration, ambient temperature and light intensity; the energy is retrieved from photons, I.e. particles of light, and water is used as a reducing agent. This occurs in the thykaloids, where pigment molecules like chlorophyll reside.
The chloroplast is a membrane bound organelle found in plants. It contains several invaginations of a plasma membrane called the thylakoid membrane. This contains chlorophyll pigments, in stacks called granum, while the internal spaces of the organelle are called the lumen. Liquid surrounds the granum, forming the stroma.
During the light reaction:
- Light is absorbed by pigments in phosystem II (PSII). This energy is transferred among pigments til it gets to the reaction center, and is transferred to P680; this promotes an electron to a higher energy level where it then goes to an acceptor molecule.
- Water supplies the chlorophyll in plant cell with replacement electrons for the ones removed from photosystem II. Additionally, water (H2O) split by light during photolysis into H+ and OH- acts as a source of oxygen along with functioning as a reducing agent.
- the electron moves down an electron transport chain (ETC) to PS I where it experiences continuous energy loss. This energy fuels the pumping of H+ from the stroma to thykaloid, leading to the formation of a gradient. The H+ move along their gradient and cross through ATP synthase, into the the stroma.
- ATP synthase converts ADP and Pi to the energy storage molecule ATP.
- The electron gets to photosystem I where it goes to pigments at P700. It absorbs light energy, the electron is promoted to a higher energy level, and passed to an electron acceptor. This leaves a space for another electron which is then replaced by one from photosystem II.
- in the ETC, the molecule NADP is reduced to NADPH by providing H+ ions. NADP and NADPH are integral to the Calvin cycle where monosaccharides or sugars like glucose are produced after the modification of several molecules.
If PSI is stopped, this disrupts the ETC and prevents regeneration of NADPH along with ATP production. ATP is an energy storage molecule reuired for the producton of several compounds. Additionally, NADP and NADPH are integral to the dark reactions, or Calvin cycle where monosaccharides or sugars like glucose are produced after the modification of several molecules.
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